Oligohydramnios as Prognostic Factor for Maternal Risk in Term Pregnancy and Fetal Outcome

Abstract

Objective: To investigate oligohydramnios as prognostic factor for maternal risk in term pregnancy and its fetal outcome.

Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Combined Military Hospital, Muzaffarabad in a period of one year from October 2021 to October 2022.

All of the patients with an oligohydramnios diagnosis were included in this cross-sectional research. Patients who met our selection criteria were enrolled utilizing a non-probability consecutive sampling procedure. Every person who was selected was informed about the study's methodology, and the researcher acquired their signed informed consent. The following were noted: demographic data, patient clinical traits, obstetrical problems, and delivery method. Maternal and newborn outcomes during inpatient care were examined and recorded.

Results: The main age of study sample was 27.73 ± 4.75 years and mean gestational age was 38.42 ± 2.20 weeks. Majority 73.4% of the patients had normal weight and most of the women (82.8%) had no comorbid disease. Only (9.4%) of the women in the study had a history of oligohydramnios in previous pregnancy. Most of the women (92.2%) in the study sample delivered with caesarian section. The mean birth weight of the babies was 2.77 ± 0.51 kg. 10 (15.6%) babies required admission to NICU. The birth weight and APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes did not show any significant (p-value > 0.05) association with body mass index of the mother.

Conclusions: Oligohydramnios is a frequent pregnancy issue that has been linked to an elevated risk of unfavorable postnatal outcomes since it is thought to be a sign of foetal impairment. With proper foetal surveillance, frequent antenatal care visits, and other measures may help to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality.