Audit of Perinatal Mortality and Congenital Anomalies in  Oligohydramnios

Maimoona Qadir; Fauzia Afridi; Sadia Nasir

Maimoona Qadir Assistant Professor- Gynae, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar
Fauzia Afridi Assistant Professor Dept of Obs & Gynae, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar
Sadia Nasir Assistant Professor Dept of Obs & Gynae, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar

Abstract

Objective: To assess the impact of oligohydramnios on perinatal outcomes, focusing on mortality rates, congenital anomalies, and associated complications in affected pregnancies.

Methodology: From January 2020 to December 2021, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the gynecology department of the Khyber Teaching Hospital in Peshawar. The method of consecutive non-probability sampling was applied. The study included all women, regardless of age or parity, who came to the outpatient department in their third trimester and had an amniotic fluid index of less than five on ultrasonography. Outcome was observed in the form of effects on fetus like prevalence of different congenital anomalies, admission in neonatal intensive care unit, stillbirths, baby with apgar score of less than 7, and growth restriction.

Results: The total number of oligohydramnios cases in the study period was 208, making the incidence of oligohydramnios 4%. . Taking into account the gestational age at which they presented, 24% were in 33- 37 weeks gestational age group, and 69% were 38 weeks and beyond. 44% were 2.1- 2.5 kg and 29% were more than 2.5kg.22% of patients were admitted in NICU,12% babies were growth restricted, 30% had meconium aspiration, and 6% were stillborns. The prevalence of congenital anomalies was 10%. Renal anomalies were seen in 6% of patients, pulmonary hypoplasia was observed in 3%, amniotic bands were seen in 2%, gastrointestinal system anomalies like gastroschisis seen in 1%, and musculoskeletal system anomalies in 1% cases.

Conclusion: Neonatal mortality and morbidity rates are increased if fetus is exposed to oligohydramnios in intrauterine life. Different congenital anomalies are observed, in addition to increased rates of NICU admissions, meconium aspiration, growth restriction and neonatal mortality rates.

Key words: Oligohydramnios, Musculoskeletal, Gastroschisis, Neonatal Mortality, Pulmonary Hypoplasia, Meconium