Prevalence of Hypothyroidism with and Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy at Civil Hospital Karachi

Sana Alvi; Urooj Naz; Aneela Habib; Shazia Jabbar; Ume-Kulsoom Javed; Asma Tariq

Sana Alvi Postgraduate Resident,Department of Obs and Gynae, DR RUTH KM PFAU Civil hospital Karachi
Urooj Naz Associtae Professor Department of Obs and Gynae, DR RUTH KM PFAU Civil hospital Karachi
Aneela Habib Associate Professor Department of Obs and Gynae, DR RUTH KM PFAU Civil hospital Karachi
Shazia Jabbar Associate Professor Department of Obs and Gynae, DR RUTH KM PFAU Civil hospital Karachi
Ume-Kulsoom Javed Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology JMDC Karachi
Asma Tariq Postgraduate Resident Department of Obs and Gynae, DR RUTH KM PFAU Civil hospital Karachi

Keywords: thyroid function and hypothyroidism

Abstract

Objective: To compare the hypothyroidism among pregnant woman with and without gestational diabetes mellitus GDM at Civil hospital Karachi.

Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Gynae & Obs, Civil Hospital, Karachi, during six months from 07-09-20 to 07-03-21. Pregnant women aged 20-40 years with a single viable fetus assist on scan and gestational age of 24 weeks, early week scan were included. Women were screened for hypothyroidism (abnormal thyroid function tests) and GDM (abnormal plasma glucose values obtained during the 2 hours, 75-g OGTT) at 24 weeks of pregnancy. All the information was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26.

Results: A total of 250 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Mean age, gestational age and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was 32.61Â±3.14 years, 24.78Â±4.49 weeks and 2.34Â±0.58 ÂµIU/mL respectively. Hypothyroidism was more frequent 11.9% among those with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), compared to 4.2% in non-GDM cases with statistically significant (p-0.035), suggesting a higher likelihood of hypothyroidism in women with GDM.

Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism was found to be high in pregnant women with GDM compared to without GDM and therefore requires early screening and treatment to prevent adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.