Pattern of Noncommunicable Diseases in Pregnancy and Effect on Fetal Outcome

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of NCDs among parturients, identify the common NCDs in the population and associated risk factors and compare the fetal outcome to the population without a NCD.
Methodology: This is a retrospective case control study of patients admitted into the labour room of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital between 2010 and 2015. The data was collected from the antenatal clinic records and the obstetric emergency room. A total of 149 cases of NCDs were recruited into the study. 
Results: A total of 3639 were admitted into the labour room in that period with 293 cases of NCD and this represents 8.05%. There was no positive history of use of alcohol or smoking of cigarette or substance abuse, however, there was family history of NCD in 20.8% (31/149) of the respondents. Hypertension in pregnancy (preeclampsia) was the most common NCD (69.8%). The majority of the deliveries were by Spontaneous vaginal delivery (52.7% {78/148}) and the APGAR score at 5 minutes showed the control population having more asphyxiated babies than the NCD (p=0.000) but the NCD parturients have prolonged hospital stay.The stillbirth rate was 7.4% (11/149) in the NCD and 1(0.7%) in the control group with a p=0.000.
Conclusions: NCDs are associated with a high prevalence of caesarean and instrumental deliveries. The duration of labour is shorter because of high incidence of induction of labour and shortening of the second stage. Early diagnoses, intensive care in pregnancy and labour will improve the feto-maternal outcome