Feto-maternal Outcome in Third Trimester Oligohydramnios; A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the association of third trimester oligohydramnios with fetomaternal outcomes.

Methodology: Prospective Cohort Study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan Hospital Muzaffargarh over one year from July 2022 to June 2023.A total of 176 women in their third trimester (28-40 weeks) of pregnancy were consecutively enrolled after informed consent. Based on ultrasound assessed amniotic-fluid index (AFI), participants were categorized as AFI <5 cm (oligohydramnios) or AFI ≥5 centimeter (normal). Maternal demographic, clinical, and nutritional factors were recorded. All participants were followed till delivery and fetomaternal outcomes including mode of delivery, birth weight, Apgar score, preterm birth, NICU admission and still births were recorded. Logistic regression through SPSS version 25 was used to determine association of oligohydramnios with fetomaternal outcome.

Results: Mean age of the pregnant women was 26.4 ± 5.0 years with mean age at marriage of 21.4 ± 3.8 years and mean marriage duration being 5.0 ± 4.4 years. The Cesarean-section occurred in 55.7% and preterm delivery in 22.7% of the participants. Compared to normal AFI, oligohydramnios was associated with higher cesarean rate (68.4% vs. 31.6%), preterm births (87.5% vs. 12.5%), NICU admission (97% vs. 3%), low birth weight (2.1 vs. 3.0 kg), and low Apgar score (7.2 vs. 8.0).

Conclusion: Women with oligohydramnios had significantly higher rate of cesarean section preterm deliveries, NICU admission, low birth weight, and lower Apgar scores compare to those without oligohydramnios